The presence of Rwandan short-range air defense systems (SHORAD) on Congolese territory was documented in the report of the United Nations Group of Experts published on Wednesday.

The presence of Rwandan short-range air defense systems (SHORAD) on Congolese territory was documented in the report of the United Nations Group of Experts published on Wednesday. These elements reinforce the accusations of direct military support from Rwanda to the M23 armed group.

On 25 October 2024, a SHORAD system was observed in Karuba, Masisi territory (North Kivu), approximately six kilometres from Sake. Imagery analysis reveals that this system corresponds to the Chinese-made Norinco Type 92 Yitian TL-6 model used by the Rwandan Defence Forces (RDF). The report highlights that this type of equipment offers a significant tactical advantage, particularly by neutralising enemy air assets.

According to the report, MONUSCO lost contact with a reconnaissance drone on 29 October 2024, during a mission over Mpeti, Walikale territory. The drone’s GPS was affected by jamming before it crashed near Kikuvo, confirming the use of electronic warfare technologies in the area.

Since April 2024, other SHORAD systems have been spotted in several strategic locations, including Kamulima, Kahunga, Kitchanga and Rubaya. As of November 2024, at least three of these systems were operational in the areas of Kibumba, Kitchanga and Karuba.

The report states that although the equipment identified is of Chinese origin, this does not necessarily imply a violation of international sanctions. However, the experts have addressed a request for explanation to the Rwandan government regarding the use and deployment of this military equipment in the DRC.

This evidence reinforces accusations of Rwanda's logistical and military support for the M23, an armed group involved in intense clashes in eastern DRC, worsening an already critical humanitarian and security crisis.